Abstract: In order to strengthen the exploration and research of surface matrix investigation methods, the authors proposed methods suitable for surface substrate investigation and mapping method in Jizhou district of the northern Tianjin City during the practice and research. Besides, the investigation ideas and mapping methods were fully drawn on regional geology, Quaternary geology, hydrogeology, environmental geology, and disaster geology. ① The surface substrate classification system of Jizhou district in the northern Tianjin City was divided into 4 primary surface substrate categories, 11 secondary categories, and 20 tertiary categories. ② The survey indicators for different types of surface substrates were constructed, such as rocks, gravel, and soil, and the classification system for surface substrate characteristics were refined. ③ The mapping method of surface substrate series maps was explored, and the coupling relationship map between surface substrate layer and surface cover layer and the map expression mode of comprehensive surface substrate map were proposed. This study has reference value for improving surface substrate investigation and mapping methods, and the results could provide references for surface substrate investigation and classification system construction in mountainous areas.