Abstract: The environmental changes and geological disasters in Xichang City of western Yangtze block are closely related to the Cenozoic tectonic activities. The Cenozoic tectonic movement in this area is divided into five stages. ① During the Qinghai-Tibet movement stage (N_1-2, 11.6~1.0 Ma), the strata were strongly squeezed to the east to form a series of compound fold systems, and the fault zone was dominated by compressional strike-slip activity.② During the extensional fault depression stage (N₂—Q₁, 3.6~1.0Ma), the fault zone was dominated by oblique strike-slip activity and the activity intensity was weak, forming faulted basins such as Anning river Valley.③ During the Yuanmou movement stage (Q_1-2, 1.0~0.6 Ma), the strata were further squeezed eastward to thicken the crust by thrusting, and the early fold mountain system accelerated uplift. ④ During the tectonic relaxation stage (Q₂, 0.6~0.126 Ma), the fault subsidence occurred again in the Anning river valley and other areas. ⑤ During the Republican movement stage (Q_3-4, 0.126 Ma to present), the left-lateral strike-slip activity was dominant, and the fold mountain system was slowly denudated and uplifted as a whole. The Neotectonic movement in Xichang City has characteristics of strong intensity, difference, oscillation, inheritance and neogenesis. And it led to the present geomorphological pattern in this area and controlled the distribution of mountains, rivers and lakes, which formed a unique local climate and had great impacts on soil, vegetation and other ecological environment. Besides, the Neotectonic movement also directly or indirectly controls the evolution of geological environment, and the development of geological disasters and earthquakes in this area.