Abstract: The evolution process, material composition and geographical conditions of the area can be reflected by the geological formation background, which can directly or indirectly affect the ecological environment on the bedrock. The ecological environment effect is directly controlled by geological formation in a small range, and then is transformed by different climatic conditions and human activities. The nutrient elements in the soil are basically inherited from the parent rock, and the climatic conditions and human activities will also disturb the physical and chemical properties of the soil. In this paper based on the project “Ecological Geological Survey of Daliang Mountain Area” of China Geological Survey, the authors investigated the sedimentary formation characteristics and its spatial distribution, tectonic attributes and other factors to divide the Xichang area into 11 geological construction units. Each construction unit is studied according to the detailed field investigation and data analysis. The results show that there are obvious differences in the ecological geological environment on the construction units, and the soil-forming parent material and the physical and chemical properties of the soil are restricted by the geological construction background. Besides, there is obvious inheritance in the migration of nutrient elements between the soil-forming parent material and the soil. At the same time, the ecological function attributes of geological construction units are jointly determined by the different geological construction units characteristics and different geographical characteristics. This research would provide the references and guidelines for the next ecological geolo-gical survey.