基于DEM和遥感技术的绥德县黄土崩滑危险区段识别及易发性评价

    Identification and susceptibility evaluation of loess collapse and landslide risk zones in Suide County based on DEM and remote sensing technology

    • 摘要: 绥德县地处陕北黄土高原腹地,黄土梁峁起伏大,人类工程活动强烈,致使崩塌滑坡灾害发育,严重威胁当地的人民生命财产安全。以绥德县为研究区,采用高精度数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM)(2 m×2 m)和高分辨率遥感影像(0.2 m)分别进行崩塌滑坡易发区段及危险区段的识别,对研究区进行全面的黄土崩滑识别和核查,以核查的隐患点数据为基础,采用信息量模型进行黄土崩滑易发性评价。结果表明: 基于DEM和遥感技术识别出具有威胁对象的危险区段3 529处,通过野外核查确认黄土崩滑隐患点3 116处,识别正确率为88.30%; 研究区极高易发区面积为131.32 km2、高易发区面积为275.35 km2、中易发区面积为335.74 km2,极高、高、中易发区主要分布在黄土梁峁区的坡度陡、坡高大及人类工程活动强的斜坡上,沿黄土梁峁呈片状分布,75.80%的黄土崩滑隐患点分布在极高、高、中易发区,易发性评价结果可靠。研究成果进一步提升了绥德县黄土崩滑隐患的精准识别能力,评价结果可为绥德县防灾减灾工作和国土空间规划等提供基础依据,对其他类似地质环境地区的黄土崩滑隐患精准识别也具有一定的借鉴意义。

       

      Abstract: Suide County is located in the hinterland of the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi, with great loess fluctuation and intense human activity, which leads to the development of collapse and landslide disasters and seriously threatens the safety of local people's lives and properties. Suide County was taken as the study area to identify the prone and dangerous sections of loess collapse and landslide using high-precision Digital Elevation Model (DEM) (2 m×2 m) and high-resolution remote sensing images (0.2 m). A comprehensive identification and verification of loess collapse and landslide was conducted in the study area, and an information quantity model was used to construct the evaluation of loess collapse and landslide susceptibility based on the verified hidden danger point data. The results showed that 3 529 dangerous sections with threatening objects were identified based on DEM and remote sensing technology, and 3 116 hidden danger points of loess collapse and landslide were confirmed through field verification, with an accuracy rate of 88.30%. The study area has an extremely high susceptible area of 131.32 km2, a high susceptible area of 275.35 km2, and a moderately susceptible area of 335.74 km2, those three mainly distributed in steep slopes, high slopes, and slopes with strong human engineering activities in sheets along the loess ridge and hill area. Besides, 75.80% of the hidden dangers of loess collapse and landslide is distributed in extremely high, high, and medium susceptible areas, and the susceptibility evaluation results are reliable. The research results have further improved the precise identification ability of loess collapse and landslide in Suide County, and the evaluation results could provide the basis for disaster prevention and reduction work and national spatial planning in Suide County, which have certain reference significance for the precise identification of loess collapse and landslide in other similar geological environment areas.

       

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