普适型滑坡地质灾害监测预警——以湖南省溆浦县为例

    Universal monitoring and early warning for landslide geological hazard: A case study of Xupu County in Hunan Province

    • 摘要: 为了满足普适型地质灾害监测预警工作的应用推广需求,以湖南省溆浦县40处滑坡地质灾害普适型监测预警示范点建设为例,介绍了普适型监测预警示范点建设与监测预警系统运行的全过程。根据研究区滑坡地质灾害发育特征、成灾模式和致灾特点,选取了40处监测预警示范点,选用雨量计、裂缝计、GNSS位移计、含水率计、倾角加速度计普适型设备,对监测预警示范点的变形特征、影响因素、滑动前兆等关键指标开展专业化监测; 聚焦雨量和变形,采用Pearson模型和监测数据分析的方法分别提出了研究区雨量判据和变形判据,建立了监测预警模型; 监测数据汇聚至系统平台,通过判据模型自动触发预警,并发送预警信息。以湾里滑坡为典型点,对监测部署方案和监测数据进行了分析,实时掌握了降雨特征、滑坡的变形特征及两者的相关特性,初步显现了普适型设备的监测成效和预警作用。研究成果可对普适型监测预警工作的推广应用提供技术支撑,同时可有效指导相关部门开展应急响应工作。

       

      Abstract: In order to meet the application and promotion needs of universal geological disaster monitoring and early warning, the authors took the construction of 40 universal monitoring and early warning demonstration points for landslide hazard in Xupu County of Hunan Province as an example to introduce the entire process of the construction of universal monitoring and early warning demonstration points and the operation of the monitoring and early warning system. Forty monitoring and early warning demonstration points were selected according to the development characteristics, disaster modes, and disaster-causing features of landslide hazard in the study area. The universal equipment such as rain gauges, crack gauges, GNSS displacement meters, moisture meters, and inclination accelerometers were used for the professional detection of key indicators of monitoring and early warning demonstration points, including deformation characteristics, influencing factors and slide precursor. For rainfall and deformation, Pearson model and monitoring data analysis method were adopted to propose rainfall criterion and deformation criterion in the study area. And the monitoring and early warning model was established. The monitoring data were aggregated to the system platform, and the criterion model automatically triggered warnings to send warning information. Wanli landslide was taken as a typical case to analyze the monitoring deployment plan and monitoring data. The rainfall characteristics, deformation features of the landslide, and their correlation were provided in real time, and the effectiveness and early warning capabilities of the universal monitoring equipment were preliminarily demonstrated. The research results could provide technical support for the promotion and application of universal monitoring and early warning work, and it could effectively guide relevant departments to carry out emergency response work at the same time.

       

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