Abstract: Geological disasters occur frequently in Ganluo County, which seriously threatens the safety of local people's lives and property, and affects the harmonious development of the social economy. The geographical location, meteorology and hydrology, geological lithology, fault structures, and human engineering activities of Ganluo County were induced, and the spatial and temporal distribution of geological disasters were analyzed. And the main controlling factors of geological disasters were analyzed through Analytic Hierarchy Process and judgment matrix. The results show that in terms of time, the occurrence of disasters is concentrated from July to September each year (accounting for more than 90%), and is closely related to the rainy season rainfall. Spatially, it is mainly distributed along rivers and fault belts, and is consistent with the distribution of slip prone strata and highly overlapping with human engineering activity areas. The main controlling factors for geological disasters in the area are terrain, geomorphology, lithology and distance from fault. This research result could provide references for natural resources, emergency management and other departments in this area to formulate comprehensive management, monitoring and early warning and other natural disaster prevention and reduction decisions.