Abstract: Dabie Mountains is an ecological barrier belt in the middle part of China, and it is an important water supply area for many rivers in the Yangtze River and Huai River systems. The investigation of water source conservation capacity in this area is of significant importance for ecosystem protection and restoration. The water production module from integrated evaluation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs (InVEST) model was selected to quantitatively evaluate the spatio-temporal pattern and evolution characteristics in the western part of Dabie Mountains. The results show that the actual annual average evapotranspiration are 664 mm, 642 mm, 653 mm, 600 mm and 619 mm for 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2018 respectively, and that the whole water production for these five years are 25.58 billion m³, 21.97 billion m³, 19.95 billion m³, 19.50 billion m³ and 22.28 billion m³, the overall spatial trend is decreasing from southeast to northwest, with the aridity index of 0.502, 0.541, 0.569, 0.547 and 0.522 respectively, showing an opposite trend with water production spatial distribution. The temporal and spatial variation specificity is obvious in water source conservation capacity in this area. Besides the precipitation factor, the land usage change caused by human activities leads to the change of water circulation process, which further effect the water conservation capacity. The research results have important theoretical and practical values for ecosystem protection and restoration and ecosystem function regulation of important ecological function area in Dabie Mountains.