Abstract: Soil thickness is a fundamental soil characteristic that directly reflects soil development, and it is closely related to soil fertility. It is also an important indicator to identify soil fertility. Taking Oroqen Autonomous Banner of Inner Mongolia as the study case, the authors in this paper selected 10 indicators closely related to soil thickness. The principal component analysis of these data were conducted by SPSS 22.0 software, and soil thickness digital mapping. method with the characteristic of low cost, rapid acquirability and high precision was probed by ArcGIS10.7 and GeoDetector. Besides, driving factors of the spatial variation of soil thickness was analyzed. The study reveals that soil thickness in Oroqen Autonomous Banner is distributed thinly in the northwest and thickly in the southeast, and the accuracy verification results of the confusion matrix indicates a total accuracy of 74.32% and the kappa coefficient of 0.744, indicating a high level of agreement with the actual situation. The single-factor detection results show that the soil type and the driving factor of soil-forming matrix significantly influence the spatial distribution variability of local soil thickness. The results of the interacting factor detection show that the q-value (0.58) of the terrain humidity index ∩ runoff intensity coefficient is larger than the q-value (0.47) of the terrain humidity index + runoff intensity coefficient, indicating a non-linearly enhancement. And the other factors show two-factor enhancement. This suggests that the effect of multifactor interaction on the local spatial distribution of soil thickness is greater than that of a single factor. This study could provide scientific basis for the sustainable development of local agriculture, returning ploughland to forests, planting suitability, and spatial planning of the national territory.