Abstract: The eastern Qujiang of Guang'an City is a typical paralleled ridge valley area with unique hydrogeological conditions. The Piper triplex map, Gibbs map, Phreeqc software, ion proportional coefficient map and Pearson correlation analysis methods were used to study the chemical characteristics and the controlling factors of groundwater. And the spatial distribution of groundwater chemical components, water-rock interaction types and groundwater chemical components source and its controlling factors were comprehensively analyzed combined with regional hydrogeological conditions. The results show that shallow groundwater in the study area is low TDS fresh water. The shallow groundwater anions are mainly \mathrmHCO_3^-, \mathrmSO_4^2-, and the cations are mainly Ca²⁺, Na⁺. The groundwater types are mainly \mathrmHCO_3^--Ca²⁺, \mathrmHCO_3^--Ca²⁺.Mg²⁺ and HCO₃-Ca²⁺·Na⁺. The groundwater hydrochemical component mainly comes from the weathering of carbonate rock and silicate karst filtration, and salt rock has little effect on groundwater. The potassium salt, gypsum, anhydrite, salt rock and fluorite in groundwater are all in the unsaturated state, and the related minerals in the strata are the sources of related ions in groundwater. The chemical components of groundwater are mainly controlled by leaching, positive cation exchange, coal mining and agricultural activities. The research results could provide some scientific basis for the rational development and utilization of water resources in the study area, ecological environmental protection, and economic derelopment of Chengdu-Chongqiang region.