Abstract: The natural slopes in Yuexi County are prone to deformation and failure under the combined action of the earth’s internal and external forces, causing casualties and property loss, which seriously restricts the development of local economy. The characteristics and causes of slope deformation and failure in Yuexi Country were identified through systematic engineering geological survey and theoretical analysis, and the evolution model was discussed. The results show that the weathering resistance and mechanical properties of different rock groups in Yuexi Country are different, so the mechanisms of the geological hazards of the slopes are also discrepant. According to the characteristics of slope structure, the landslide in Yuexi Country can be divided into all-weathered landslide, strong weathered landslide and bedding rock landslide. The sliding surface of all-weathered landslide is located in the full regolith or the interface between full regolith and strong regolith. The slip surface of strongly weathered landslide mainly develops at the interface between strong regolith and middle regolith. The bedding rock landslide is mainly developed in the down-slope of gneiss. The collapse in Yuxi Country can be divided into sliding collapse, toppling collapse and falling collapse, according to the deformation and failure model. The sliding collapse is mainly controlled by a group of gently sloping external structural planes and another group of steeply sloping (external or internal) structural planes. The toppling collapse is mainly controlled by one set of structural planes in steep slopes and another set of near-horizontal structural planes. Falling collapse is mainly controlled by a set of structural planes which are steeply inclined or nearly erect. Landslides in Yuexi Country are mainly developed in areas with thick weathering crust, loose rock mass and low structural plane strength. Collapses are mainly developed in areas with high and steep slopes, low degree of rock weathering and structural plane development. This research has some guiding effect on the investigation and prevention of geological hazards in Dabie mountains and Yuexi Country.