Abstract: Desertification has became a major threat to the global ecological environment. The wind erosion is very intense in North China, with prominent sandy desertification problems. In this research, the authors selected six northern provinces with widely sandy land distribution as the study area to comprehensively analyze the meteorological and geological factors and discuss the cause of change in Maowusu sandy land and Horqin sandy land, based on the evolution patterns of sandy desertification land by TM images of 2010 and OLI images of 2018. The results indicated that the sandy desertification land in North China in 2018 was 350 800 km², mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, with severe, moderate and mild sandy desertification land of 119 200 km² 135 400 km² and 96 200 km², respectively. From 2010 to 2018, the area of sandy desertification land in North China decreased by 7 400 km², and the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region decreased mostly with the areas of 4 800 km² and 1 900 km², respectively, also with the area of desertification reduction of 35 400 km². Taking the Maowusu and Horqin sandy land as typical study area, the authors compared the differences of the ecogeological conditions between these two areas, and summarized the cause of improvement and aggravation of sandy desertification. Moreover, the authors suggested that the impact of human activities should be reduced for natural recovery in Maowusu sandy land, and in Horqin sandy the groundwater resources management land should be strengthened and vegetation structure should be optimized to promote returning farmland to forest or grassland. This research would provide scientific reference for the ecological protection of sandy desertification in North China.