Abstract: The investigations under shale gas reservoirs in high-frequency sequence stratigraphic framework could be the research orientation in enriching shale gas geological theory, which include the significance of mineral causes and source rock properties in the development of clay mineral in shale gas reservoirs, the control mechanism of mineral causes and source rock properties on the organic matter hydrocarbon generation and morphological changes during the process of mineral evolution sequence, the significance of oil and gas geology with characteristic minerals occurrence, the understanding of oil and gas occurrence under special geological conditions, and the identification of Cask Effect parameters. Based on the previous studies on shale gas geological investigation and evaluation, combined with the practice and understanding of shale gas geological survey, the authors in this paper identified that the process of earth system interaction between two source-sink systems, provenances-depositional system and hydrocarbon generation-accumulation system, is the fundamental controlling factor of shale gas reservoir heterogeneity. Besides, the structural control factor of tectonic-sedimentary plays a decisive role in shale reservoir properties. The systematic control factors of tectonic transformation and reservoir forming and evolution in the later stage are the modification of the earlier stage. The multi-source and multi-sink of hydrocarbon gas in shale reservoir can break through the reservoir heterogeneity to a certain extent, and the correlation coefficient between gas content and TOC content is a characterization of reservoir heterogeneity. This research would enrich shale gas geological survey and evaluation theory, and provide method references for future work.