Abstract: In order to protect the ecological environment of Yangtze River, China Geological Survey has organized and implemented the project of “Geological environment comprehensive survey project in the Yangtze River Economic Zone” in recent years. A number of important achievements and understandings have been achieved by means of environmental geological survey, evaluation, monitoring, thematic research and comprehensive research. ①The comprehensive information management and service platform of geological resources and environment of the Yangtze River Economic Zone was preliminarily constructed, and resource and environmental conditions and major geological problems of the Yangtze River Economic Zone and key regions were systematically combed with relevant suggestions. ②The optical fiber technology was innovatively applied to ground subsidence and ground fissure monitoring, and the related achievements have led the development of optical fiber monitoring technology. ③1:50 000 environmental geological survey technical standards and requirements were prepared. ④Three-level mechanism of environmental geological survey cooperation was formed, and establishment of three kinds of scale resources and environment carrying capacity evaluation method system and large basin environmental geological work model were explored. ⑤The monitoring network of Earth Critical Zone was established and the guidelines for Earth Critical Zone in the plain were compiled. ⑥The multi-response ideas of major water conservancy projects and ecological geological environment were proposed, with the construction of multi-mode sensor survey system. And the new judgment of the impact of major water conservancy projects on the geological environment was put forward. ⑦Quaternary stratigraphic multiple division and comparison sequence of different sedimentary unit areas in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River were established, and three-dimensional geological structure model in key areas was constructed, so the new understanding of Yangtze River transfixion period and evolution was put forward. ⑧A series of geological survey reports and maps for river basins, economic zones and cities were prepared to support and serve result transformation. The advances mentioned above have raised the level of geological survey work in the Yangtze River Economic Zone, and will provide scientific and technological support for regional land space planning, building green ecological corridors, building three-dimensional transportation corridors, industrial transformation and upgrading, building new urbanization, and tackling poverty alleviation.