Abstract: Technological innovation is the first driving force for the development of geological survey. The innovation project of deep space and earth observation (hereinafter referred to as the project) is an important part of “The Plan of Geological Technological Innovation”, which was launched by China Geological Survey. Now, our autonomous earth observation system has some problems, such as systematic and holistic shortage, relatively single type of satellite operational application products and weak data processing ability. In order to solve these problems, the authors carried out a series of work, such as the construction of earth observation data system and application system, the innovation of natural resources and environmental change monitoring system, and the research and development of new earth observation technology. These achievements, acquired by above-mentioned work, have improved the comprehensive ability of deep space and earth observation, and promoted the quantitative level of basic geological survey and geological environment monitoring.