Abstract: Yushen mining area is an important component of the large-scale coal base in North Shaanxi, whose coal resources are abundant. In recent years, the contradiction between coal development and ecological and geological environment has become more and more prominent. Through the analysis of the distribution, thickness and buried depth of the first mined coal seam, thickness of overlying strata and top surface morphology in Yushen mining area, and according to petrogenesis, engineering geological characteristics and physical mechanical property, the authors divided the rock (soil) mass of the mining area into four rock types and seven rock groups, and summarized the distribution, thickness and physical mechanical property of each rock group. These rock types and rock groups include loose rock type (sand layer group, soil group), soft rock type (weathered rock group, coal group, burnt rock group), sub-soft rock type (siltstone-mudstone group) and sub-hard rock type (sandstone group). The research results show that the coal seam roofs in the mining area are mainly difficult falling-in roofs, and there are easy falling-in roofs in partial areas. The floors of siltstone and fine-sandstone belong to the stable floor, and the mudstone floor has poor stability. The research can provide some reference for the mining area planning, environmental assessment and coal development, which will have a positive effect on the transformation of coal development mode and the promotion of eco-environment-friendly mines development in Shaanxi.