Abstract: Through the comprehensive investigation of hydrogeology and environmental geology in Karst area conducted by the China Geological Survey, the distribution regularity and development potential of Karst groundwater resources are identified. The environmental geological problems such as rocky desertification, groundwater pollution and waterlogging are discovered, and the control mechanism of karstification to oil and gas resources, mineral resources, Karst tourism resources, carbon cycle and environmental geological problems are revealed. The international big science program, Global Karst Dynamic System Resources and Environmental Effects, was launched. It has achieved significant scientific and technological innovation in Karst kinetics theory, Karst stalagmite high resolution dating, artificial carbon sequestration and Karst groundwater exploration. The water-rich model, well-formed model, effective development and utilization model and integrated management model in rocky desertification areas with different types of Karst groundwater are established and after practical tests they show a high value in application. The above results provide technical support for sustainable development and utilization of Karst water resources, comprehensive control of rocky desertification, prevention and control of groundwater pollution and poverty alleviation in Karst areas.